Precision measurement in multi-axis vibration systems

Many modern machines and components experience vibration along more than one direction. From aerospace engines to industrial turbines and vehicle assemblies, these systems are rarely exposed to a single-axis load. Multi-axis vibration systems replicate these combined forces to test how products respond to motion in multiple planes simultaneously.

Calibrating these systems requires exact synchronisation and measurement across several axes of motion, typically X, Y and Z. Each axis must maintain the correct amplitude, frequency and phase relationship to ensure the vibration profile represents real operational conditions. Achieving this precision protects against inaccurate data and ensures equipment performs as expected in service.

Challenges in achieving multi-axis precision

Multi-axis vibration introduces layers of complexity that extend beyond those found in single-axis calibration. Each direction of movement interacts mechanically and electronically with the others, creating potential sources of error if not correctly controlled.

Key challenges include:

Cross-axis sensitivity: Sensors mounted on a single axis can still respond to vibration in other directions. Without compensation, this can distort readings and lead to incorrect sensitivity values.
Alignment accuracy: Even slight misalignment between reference and test sensors can change response characteristics. Precision mounting and fixture design are critical to reduce this risk.
Signal phase and coherence: For accurate analysis, each axis must maintain phase synchronisation. Distortion or drift in one channel can affect the interpretation of combined vibration vectors.
Environmental influence: Temperature, humidity and mechanical coupling can alter system performance during calibration. Controlled conditions and repeatable test setups are essential to ensure measurement stability.

Core components that support precision

A precise multi-axis calibration setup depends on high-performance instrumentation and process control. The following elements are central to achieving repeatable, traceable results.

Tri-axial reference accelerometers

These sensors measure motion along three orthogonal axes, providing the benchmark for verifying the performance of test sensors or vibration systems. They are calibrated in accordance with ISO 16063-21 standards to ensure reliable reference data.

Advanced vibration exciters

Multi-axis shakers reproduce complex vibration profiles by generating independent yet synchronised movement in multiple directions. Their performance must be stable and distortion-free across the required frequency range.

Data acquisition systems with multi-channel synchronisation

Each axis must be measured simultaneously with precise timing. High-resolution DAQ units with synchronised sampling preserve signal integrity and allow accurate vector analysis.

Calibration and analysis software

Specialist software coordinates data collection, performs frequency-response calculations and applies correction factors. Automated reporting ensures full traceability to ISO 17025 or equivalent standards.

Maintaining reliability through accredited calibration

Reliable multi-axis vibration measurement depends on calibration that meets recognised standards for accuracy and traceability. UKAS-accredited calibration services provide documented assurance that each step of the process aligns with ISO 17025 requirements, including uncertainty analysis and environmental control.

Accredited calibration gives quality and maintenance engineers confidence that their vibration systems deliver consistent, verifiable data suitable for safety-critical or compliance-driven applications. It also supports predictive maintenance programmes by ensuring sensor readings remain trustworthy over time.

Partnering with the right calibration provider

Calibrating multi-axis vibration systems demands expertise, precision equipment and stringent adherence to international standards. Working with a specialist calibration provider ensures every axis of motion is measured with integrity, giving businesses the data assurance required for testing, certification and production validation.

DM delivers UKAS-accredited calibration for vibration systems of all complexities. Our engineers combine advanced calibration technology with meticulous attention to process control, guaranteeing accurate, traceable results across single and multi-axis applications. To find out more about accredited calibration services, download our guide below.